CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY FIQH IN DIGITAL ZISWAF MANAGEMENT A STUDY ON ONLINE ZAKAT, INFAQ, SADAQAH, AND WAQF ADMINISTRATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54783/4j4j6z18Keywords:
Digital ZISWAF; Online Transactions; Contemporary Fiqh; Islamic Financial TechnologyAbstract
This study examines the dynamics of classical and contemporary fiqh in the digital management of zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf (ZISWAF) by analyzing the validity of online transactions within Islamic legal perspectives. The rapid development of the digital economy through the use of QRIS, electronic wallets, and online platforms requires a renewed assessment of contractual principles, ownership transfer, and the mechanisms for distributing ZISWAF funds. Using a normative fiqh approach based on literature review of classical jurisprudence, contemporary scholarly discourse, and several fatwas of the National Sharia Council Indonesian Council of Ulama including Fatwa No. 116 DSN MUI IX 2017 on electronic money and Fatwa No. 123 DSN MUI XI 2018 on online transactions, this study finds that digital ZISWAF transactions are valid as long as they fulfill the pillars and requirements of contracts, such as the presence of intention, clear identification of parties, a lawful object, and the establishment of legal ownership transfer known as qabdh hukmi. The contracts commonly applied in digital ZISWAF include hibah, wakalah, and tabarru which are adapted to the operational model of each platform and its social purpose. Overall, online ZISWAF transactions can be recognized within Islamic jurisprudence as a form of contemporary ijtihad that aligns with the objectives of the Shariah by preserving wealth, facilitating worship, and enhancing socioeconomic welfare in the digital era.
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